To v7

Prisma ORM v7 introduces breaking changes when you upgrade from an earlier Prisma ORM version. This guide explains how this upgrade might affect your application and gives instructions on how to handle any changes.

For developers using AI Agents, we have a migration prompt that you can add to your project for automatic migrations.

Upgrade the prisma and @prisma/client packages to v7

To upgrade to Prisma ORM v7 from an earlier version, you need to update both the prisma and @prisma/client packages:

npm install @prisma/client@7
npm install -D prisma@7

Breaking changes

This section gives an overview of breaking changes in Prisma ORM v7.

Minimum supported Node.js & TypeScript versions

ESM support

Prisma ORM now ships as an ES module, the module format supported in Bun, Deno, and Node. Set the type field in your package.json to module

{
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {...},
}

If you are using TypeScript, you need to configure your tsconfig.json to be able to consume ES modules

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "target": "ES2023",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true
  }
}

Prisma schema changes

The older prisma-client-js provider will be removed in future releases of Prisma ORM. Upgrade to the new prisma-client provider which uses the new Rust-free client. This will give you faster queries, smaller bundle size, and require less system resources when deployed to your server.

Additionally, the output field is now required in the generator block. Prisma Client will no longer be generated in node_modules by default. You must specify a custom output path.

Before

generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client-js"
  engineType = "binary"
}

After

generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client"
  output   = "./generated/prisma"
}

After running npx prisma generate, you'll need to update your imports to use the new generated path:

// Before
import { PrismaClient } from "@prisma/client";

// After
import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma/client";

Additionally other fields such as url, directUrl, and shadowDatabaseUrl in the datasource block are deprecated. You can configure them in the Prisma Config.

If you were previously using directUrl to run migrations then you need to pass the directUrl value in the url field of prisma.config.ts instead as the connection string defined in url is used by Prisma CLI for migrations.

import "dotenv/config";
import { defineConfig, env } from "prisma/config";

export default defineConfig({
  datasource: {
    url: env("DATABASE_URL"),
    shadowDatabaseUrl: env("SHADOW_DATABASE_URL"),
  },
});

Driver adapters and client instantiation

The way to create a new Prisma Client has changed to require a driver adapter for all databases. This change aligns with the move to make the main Prisma Client as lean and open as possible. For instance, if you are using Prisma Postgres, you now need the @prisma/adapter-pg adapter. This also means the signature for creating a new Prisma Client has changed slightly:

Before

import { PrismaClient } from "@prisma/client";
const prisma = new PrismaClient({
  datasources: {
    db: { url: process.env.DATABASE_URL },
  },
  datasourceUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
});

After

import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma/client";
import { PrismaPg } from "@prisma/adapter-pg";

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
});
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });

If you are using SQLite, you can use the @prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3:

import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma/client";
import { PrismaBetterSqlite3 } from "@prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3";

const adapter = new PrismaBetterSqlite3({
  url: process.env.DATABASE_URL || "file:./dev.db",
});

export const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });

Prisma Accelerate users upgrading from v6

If you used Prisma Accelerate (including Prisma Postgres' prisma+postgres:// URLs) in v6, keep using the Accelerate URL with the Accelerate extension. Do not pass the Accelerate URL to a driver adapter—PrismaPg expects a direct database connection string and will fail with prisma:// or prisma+postgres://.

1. Keep your Accelerate URL in .env (for example DATABASE_URL="prisma://..." or prisma+postgres://...).
2. You can point prisma.config.ts directly to that same Accelerate URL for CLI operations:

import "dotenv/config";
import { defineConfig, env } from "prisma/config";

export default defineConfig({
  schema: "prisma/schema.prisma",
  datasource: {
    url: env("DATABASE_URL"),
  },
});

• If you prefer a separate direct URL for migrations, you can still use DIRECT_DATABASE_URL as above—but it's optional for Accelerate users.

3. Instantiate Prisma Client with the Accelerate URL and extension (no adapter):

import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma/client";
import { withAccelerate } from "@prisma/extension-accelerate";

export const prisma = new PrismaClient({
  accelerateUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
}).$extends(withAccelerate());

If you later switch away from Accelerate to direct TCP, provide the direct URL to the appropriate driver adapter (for example PrismaPg) instead of accelerateUrl.

SSL certificate validation changes

Since Prisma ORM v7 uses node-pg instead of the Rust-based query engine, SSL certificate defaults have changed. Previously, invalid SSL certificates were ignored. In v7, you may encounter the following error:

Error: P1010: User was denied access on the database <database>

To fix this, either keep the previous behavior:

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: false },
});

Or properly configure your database certificates using node --use-openssl-ca or by setting the NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS environment variable.

For more details, see GitHub issue #28795.

Explicit loading of environment variables

In Prisma ORM 7.0.0, environment variables are not loaded by default. Instead developers need to explicitly load the variables when calling the prisma CLI. Libraries like dotenv can be used to manage loading environment variables by reading the appropriate .env file.

npm install dotenv

For bun users, no action is required as bun will automatically load .env files.

Prisma config is now used to configure the Prisma CLI

Prisma Config is now the default place for configuring how the Prisma CLI interacts with your database. You now configure your database URL, schema location, migration output, and custom seed scripts.

import "dotenv/config";
import { defineConfig, env } from "prisma/config";

export default defineConfig({
  // the main entry for your schema
  schema: "prisma/schema.prisma",
  // where migrations should be generated
  // what script to run for "prisma db seed"
  migrations: {
    path: "prisma/migrations",
    seed: "tsx prisma/seed.ts",
  },
  // The database URL
  datasource: {
    // Type Safe env() helper
    // Does not replace the need for dotenv
    url: env("DATABASE_URL"),
  },
});

Metrics has been removed from the Client extensions

The Metrics preview feature was deprecated in Prisma ORM 6.14.0 and has been removed for Prisma ORM 7.0.0. If you need this feature, you can use the underlying driver adapter for your database, or Client Extensions to make this information available.

For example, a basic totalQueries counter:

const total = 0;
const prisma = new PrismaClient().$extends({
  client: {
    $log: (s: string) => console.log(s),
    async $totalQueries() {
      return total;
    },
  },
  query: {
    $allModels: {
      async $allOperations({ query, args }) {
        total += 1;
        return query(args);
      },
    },
  },
});

async function main() {
  prisma.$log("Hello world");
  const totalQueries = await prisma.$totalQueries();
  console.log(totalQueries);
}

Mapped enum values in generated TypeScript

In Prisma ORM v7, the generated TypeScript enum values use the schema names, matching the behavior from v6.

Given this Prisma schema:

enum SuggestionStatus {
  PENDING  @map("pending")
  ACCEPTED @map("accepted")
  REJECTED @map("rejected")
}

In v7, the generated TypeScript enum is:

export const SuggestionStatus = {
  PENDING: "PENDING",
  ACCEPTED: "ACCEPTED",
  REJECTED: "REJECTED",
} as const;

This means that SuggestionStatus.PENDING evaluates to "PENDING", consistent with v6 behavior.

{
  "dependencies": {
    "@prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3": "~1.0.7"
  }
}

Client middleware has been removed

The client middleware API has been removed. If possible, use Client Extensions.

// ❌ Old (removed)
prisma.$use(async (params, next) => {
  // middleware logic
  return next(params);
});
// ✅ New (use extensions)
const prisma = new PrismaClient().$extends({
  query: {
    user: {
      async findMany({ args, query }) {
        // extension logic
        return query(args);
      },
    },
  },
});

Automatic seeding during migrations has been removed

In Prisma ORM v6 and earlier, running prisma migrate dev or prisma migrate reset would automatically execute your seed script after applying migrations. This automatic seeding behavior has been removed in Prisma ORM v7.

To seed your database in v7, you must explicitly run:

npx prisma db seed

CLI flags --skip-generate and --skip-seed removed

The --skip-generate flag was removed from prisma migrate dev and prisma db push. The --skip-seed flag was removed from prisma migrate dev.

migrate dev and db push no longer run prisma generate automatically. You must run prisma generate explicitly to generate Prisma Client.

--schema and --url flags removed from prisma db execute

The --schema and --url flags have been removed from the prisma db execute command. Previously, you could use --schema to specify the path to your Prisma schema file, or --url to specify the database URL directly. Now, the database connection must be configured in prisma.config.ts.

Before (v6)

# Using --schema
prisma db execute --file ./script.sql --schema prisma/schema.prisma

# Using --url
prisma db execute --file ./script.sql --url "$DATABASE_URL"

After (v7)

Configure your database connection in prisma.config.ts instead:

import "dotenv/config";
import { defineConfig, env } from "prisma/config";

export default defineConfig({
  schema: "prisma/schema.prisma",
  datasource: {
    url: env("DATABASE_URL"),
  },
});

Then run the command without --schema or --url:

prisma db execute --file ./script.sql

prisma migrate diff CLI options changed

Several options have been removed from prisma migrate diff and replaced with new options that use prisma.config.ts:

Before (v6)

prisma migrate diff \
  --from-url "$DATABASE_URL" \
  --to-schema schema.prisma \
  --script

After (v7)

Configure your database connection in prisma.config.ts, then use --from-config-datasource or --to-config-datasource:

prisma migrate diff \
  --from-config-datasource \
  --to-schema schema.prisma \
  --script

Various environment variables have been removed

We've removed a small selection of Prisma-specific environment variables.

• PRISMA_CLI_QUERY_ENGINE_TYPE
• PRISMA_CLIENT_ENGINE_TYPE
• PRISMA_QUERY_ENGINE_BINARY
• PRISMA_QUERY_ENGINE_LIBRARY
• PRISMA_GENERATE_SKIP_AUTOINSTALL
• PRISMA_SKIP_POSTINSTALL_GENERATE
• PRISMA_GENERATE_IN_POSTINSTALL
• PRISMA_GENERATE_DATAPROXY
• PRISMA_GENERATE_NO_ENGINE
• PRISMA_CLIENT_NO_RETRY
• PRISMA_MIGRATE_SKIP_GENERATE
• PRISMA_MIGRATE_SKIP_SEED